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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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030893
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03089930.000
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1994-03-25
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<text id=93TT1123>
<title>
Mar. 08, 1993: The Land Lord
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
Mar. 08, 1993 The Search for the Tower Bomber
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
THE ADMINISTRATION, Page 38
The Land Lord
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Outdoorsman Bruce Babbitt aims to protect 500 million federal
acres that have long been exploited for commercial purposes
</p>
<p>By TED GUP/WASHINGTON--With reporting by Jeanne McDowell/Los Angeles and David Seideman/New
York
</p>
<p> Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt scans his vast office, then
gazes down at the blue Republican carpet. He intends to tear
the rug out, for it conceals a fine walnut floor installed during
New Deal days by his conservationist hero, Harold Ickes. Not
even the floor covering is beyond the scrutiny of Babbitt as
he carries out vast changes in the Interior Department and in
the government's philosophy toward its public lands. Where conservatives
James Watt and Manuel Lujan once presided, Babbitt now speaks
as if he were in a vanguard of liberators. "There has been an
ideological war going on for the past 12 years," says Babbitt,
"and this department has been staff headquarters--the battle
post in Washington for an unrelenting war against the land and
the conservation ethic. They said they were after balance, but
they really weren't."
</p>
<p> The changes Babbitt seeks may touch 500 million acres of federal
property, or about one-fifth of the U.S., encompassing national
parks, wilderness areas, forests and grazing lands. With the
blessing of Bill Clinton and Al Gore, the Interior chief plans
to revitalize the National Park Service and increase the protection
of endangered species. But his most politically complex mission
is to scale back once sacred subsidies for those who use federal
lands: miners, the timber industry, and cattle and sheep ranchers.
</p>
<p> The Interior Department, long viewed as a captive of commodity
interests, has until now carried out a 19th century mandate
to encourage resource exploitation in order to stimulate development
of the West. Babbitt wants to emphasize protection of those
lands and to demand that those who profit from them pay a fair
share. All told, the fee increases he proposes would produce
an estimated $1 billion over five years, which would help reduce
the budget deficit as well as maintain the lands. Among the
measures:
</p>
<p>-- Babbitt wants grazing fees raised across 16 Western states,
which would affect 29,000 ranchers whose cattle and sheep graze
on about 280 million federal acres. The current fee, $1.86 per
month to graze one cow and her calf, is well below market value.
But any raise is tempered by concern for small ranchers. An
estimated 45% of ranchers using federal lands have fewer than
100 cattle. Babbitt's idea: a two-tier fee structure that charges
the small rancher less and offers a credit to those who improve
the land. In May he will hold hearings on the issue throughout
the Rocky Mountain region.
</p>
<p>-- Babbitt will try to persuade Congress to amend the mining
law of 1872, under which miners may purchase mineral rights
for as little as $2.50 an acre. Babbitt will ask for a royalty
on the value of the extracted minerals, with a fee schedule
favoring small operators. "We ought to have progressive fees
to make a populist statement that it's good public policy to
make sure the small guys stay on the land. We're not trying
to just lock the West up and turn the whole thing into a national
park," says Babbitt. Mining interests know they will have to
give ground, up to a point. Says John Knebel, president of the
American Mining Congress: "We're going to have to make some
adjustments."
</p>
<p>-- Also likely to come under scrutiny are below-cost timber
sales at Babbitt's sister agency, the Agriculture Department.
The government is currently losing money on logging operations
in more than half of its 155 national forests. The U.S. spends
money to build roads and make the timber accessible but then
often sells it cheap. Over the past 14 years, the U.S. has subsidized
logging companies to the tune of $8.5 billion, according to
Robert Wolf, a forestry economist.
</p>
<p> Babbitt's most ambitious long-term goal is a broad reinterpretation
of the Endangered Species Act. "I think it is absolutely the
overarching issue," says Babbitt. He proposes to focus less
on rescuing individual species already on the brink of extinction,
taking instead a multispecies approach in which ecosystems will
be examined as a whole. This will require government scientists
and researchers to integrate their efforts across agency lines
and produce comprehensive biological surveys. As a case in point,
Babbitt cites the feuding among federal agencies in the fight
over the northern spotted owl of the Pacific Northwest forests.
</p>
<p> Babbitt has declared his agency the "Department of the Environment,"
but he has tried to reassure anxious Western miners, ranchers
and loggers that he will not pursue radical policies. Few are
better suited to carry that message. Babbitt is the face of
the New West, a former Arizona attorney general and Governor
who comes from a cattle-ranching family and holds a master's
degree in geophysics and a Harvard law degree. He preaches change
through consensus. "I don't regard this as a great adversarial
crusade," says Babbitt. "I think these issues are going to be
worked out with a lot less confrontation than is generally assumed."
</p>
<p> Babbitt often looks to history for inspiration. During the early
days of World War II, he recalls, the generals came to Harold
Ickes, saying it was necessary to sacrifice the Sitka spruces
in Olympic National Park to make airplanes. "You're not going
to invade this park until we have exhausted every other alternative,"
said Ickes. A month later, Ickes returned to the generals and
told them Canada could supply the spruces--but by then the
generals' interest had turned from wood to metal for airplanes.
Says Babbitt: "I take that story as a metaphor for my job."
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>